In my early years at Amazon Web Services (AWS), I created a tool for building cloud business cases that went beyond measuring just total cost of ownership and now forms the basis of our approach to costing migrations. I later co-authored the Cloud Value Framework (CVF) which focusses on measuring cloud value across four areas: cost optimisation, risk reduction, increased agility, and resource efficiency. So it should come as no surprise that I often get asked by Boards and the executives I meet “How do we decide if we should make an AI investment and how do we measure its ROI?”